Izvestiya vuzov. Yadernaya Energetika

The peer-reviewed scientific and technology journal. ISSN: 0204-3327

Current sources based on supercapacitors with β-radioisotopes

3/19/2020 2020 - #01 Physics in nuclear power engineering

Stepanov V.A. Chernov V.A. Parshikov Yu.G. Lebedev V.P. Kharanzhevskiy E.V.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26583/npe.2020.1.14

UDC: 621.3; 621.039

In asymmetric supercapacitors, electric charges are separated and accumulated during neutron irradiation. The paper deals with current sources with radioactive isotopes (CSRI) based on 100 F supercapacitors made by means of neutron activation of elements introduced into the electrodes of substances (BN or SrO). After neutron irradiation with a dose of up to 400 Gy, the supercapacitors turn into CSRI with a charging rate of up to 7.8 μ V/day. The CSRI charging rate increases in proportion to the activation neutron dose up to 14 kGy. This is due to the production of β-active isotopes as a result of the reactions 14N(n, p)14C and 88Sr(n, γ)89Sr in the supercapacitor electrodes.

An estimate of the radiation-induced charge accumulation rate, taking into account the energy released during β -decay of 14C and 89Sr, excludes the known charge separation mechanisms in a condensed medium due to the ionization and production of secondary electrons, electron-hole pair generation, etc. The electric charge separation and accumulation in CSRI occurs as a result of nonequilibrium thermoelectric phenomena in the near-electrode nano-regions. Nuclear reactions in nanoscale regions produce «temperature gradients» up to 105 K/nm. This leads to the «evaporation» of up to 1013 electrons from nanocrystallites at times of ~ 10–11 s.

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current sources with radioactive isotopes (CSRI) supercapacitor neutron irradiation radiation-induced electric charge

Link for citing the article: Stepanov V.A., Chernov V.A., Parshikov Yu.G., Lebedev V.P., Kharanzhevskiy E.V. Current sources based on supercapacitors with β-radioisotopes. Izvestiya vuzov. Yadernaya Energetika. 2020, no. 1, pp. 145-153; DOI: https://doi.org/10.26583/npe.2020.1.14 (in Russian).

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